Сравняване на 刚 gāng и 刚才 gāngcái - Revision history

Snake at 08:02, 6 June 2021

2021-06-06T08:02:06Z

Snake: Created page with "刚 (gāng) and 刚才 (gāngcái) са подобни, но имат известно различие в употребата. И двете се поставят пред..."

2021-06-05T10:43:17Z

Created page with "刚 (gāng) and 刚才 (gāngcái) са подобни, но имат известно различие в употребата. И двете се поставят пред..."

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刚 (gāng) and 刚才 (gāngcái) са подобни, но имат известно различие в употребата.

И двете се поставят преди глагола, но акцентът е различен

刚 набляга на това, че нещо "тъкмо" се е случило

"刚" всъщност е наречние се поставя пред глагола. То акцентира на това, че действие тъкмо се е случило, преди малко.

Особеното тук е, че "преди малко" е относително, определено от говорещия. По тази причина, 刚 може да укаже че нещо "тъкмо" се е случило преди 1 секунда, 5 минути, 2 часа, 3 седмици, или дори преди година. Моментът е гъвкав, но от гледна точка на говорещия този момент се счита за скорошен.

Структура:

刚 + Verb

Примери:

他刚来。(This gives the impression that not only did he just get here, but he should still be here.)He just came.
我昨天刚看到他。I just saw him yesterday.
我刚说过，不想再说一遍。I just said it, and I don't want to say it again.
我们去年刚去过美国。 (This "just" is relative, clearly. The speaker feels that a year ago isn't too long ago.)We've just been to the States last year.

刚才 emphasizes "just now"

刚才 is a time noun (like 今天 and 现在), and it expresses that the time that has passed is really short, in near-absolute terms. We're talking no more than 1-30 minutes, in most situations. If it is placed before the verb, it emphasizes what happened in the time that has just passed. It is similar to the English "just now."
Structure

刚才 + Verb
Examples

他刚才来了。(In this case, he's come and gone already. He's not here anymore.)He came just now.
我刚才看到他了。(Sounds like he's not here anymore; I just saw him, but don't see him now.)I just now saw him.
我刚才看过了，不想再看一遍。I saw it just now, and I don't want to see it again.
我觉得现在比刚才亮。(Here it's very clearly acting as a time noun.)I think it's brighter now that just before.

刚才 can be used as an attribute while 刚 cannot

刚才 can also directly modify a noun to indicate it is that one from "just now" or "just before."
Structure

刚才 + 的 + Noun
Examples

刚才的事情太让人生气了。What just happened really made people angry.
刚的事情太让人生气了。Just thing really makes people angry.

刚 Can Be Used with Adjectives

刚 is an adverb, and it can also spruce up an adjective. It has the same meaning as 刚刚. (刚才 cannot do this.)
Structure

刚 + Adjective
Examples

天刚晴。The sky just became clear.
一个面包刚够吃，多一个更好。One piece of bread is just enough, one more is even better.

刚 and 刚才 with 了

You may have noticed that something interesting is going on with regards to 了 in the sentences with 刚 and 刚才. Namely, 了 is not usually required in sentences with 刚, but it is usually required in sentences with 刚才. This is because 刚才 refers to a time in the recent past, and you're usually indicated that something happened just now (started and finished).

Take these sentences for example:

我昨天买了。I bought it yesterday.
我刚才买了。I bought it just now.
我明天买。I'll buy it tomorrow.

So these are all simple time "noun + verb" sentences. Notice that when they refer to the past (including the one with 刚才), the action is completed and you need 了. You don't need 了 for things that haven't happened yet (they're just plans, and nothing is completed). And remember that 刚才 always refers to the past.

OK, now what about 刚? Why does it not need 了?

The key is that you don't need a 了 in a sentence with 刚 if the verb indicates a clear result. So, to use the 买 example from above:

我刚买。(The verb 买 is kind of like "try to buy"; there is no clear indication of result.)I just buy it.
我刚买到。(Adding 到 to the verb gives a clear indication of result.)I just bought it.
我刚买了。(Adding 了 after the verb also gives a clear indication of result.)I just bought it.
你也刚知道吗？ (The verb 知道 always includes the result of "knowing".)You also just found out?
妈妈刚看。(No clear indication of result.)Mom just look.
妈妈刚看到。(Adding 到 to the verb gives a clear indication of result.)Mom just saw it.
妈妈刚看了。(Adding 了 to the verb gives a clear indication of result.)Mom just looked at it.

刚 and 刚才 with 没

OK, so there's also something going on with 没 in sentences with 刚 and 刚才. The deal here is that you can say something didn't happen just now (刚才), but you can't say that something just didn't happen (刚). [Saying that something "just didn't happen" only works in English if you interpret "just" to mean "simply."]

The takeaway? Just don't use 刚 in sentences where you use 没 to negate the past.

我刚没去。(Don't use 刚 with 没 in the past.)I just didn't go.
我刚才没去。(It's fine to use 刚才 with 没 in the past.)I didn't go just now.
她刚没问我这个问题。(Don't use 刚 with 没 in the past.)She just didn't ask me this question.
她刚才没问我这个问题。(It's fine to use 刚才 with 没 in the past.)She didn't ask me this question just now.
我刚没喝你的啤酒。(Don't use 刚 with 没 in the past.)I just didn't drink your beer.
我刚才没喝你的啤酒。(It's fine to use 刚才 with 没 in the past.)I didn't drink your beer just now.
我刚不知道。(OK, so it's not 没, but you still shouldn't use 刚 for something that didn't happen.)I just didn't know.
我刚才不知道。(It's fine to use 刚才 with exceptions where you use 不 in the past.)Just now I didn't know.

For that last pair of sentences, if you're not clear why it's OK to use 不 with 知道 in the past, go ahead and check out our article on the differences between 不 and 没. It goes beyond the basics into some of the trickier scenarios.
Examples of right and wrong sentences

我刚才回家。(You should use 了 with 刚才 here.)I just now go home.
我刚回家。(The verb 回 includes a clear enough indication of result.)I just got home.
我刚才没想好吃什么，现在我想好了。(No need to use 了 with 没.)Just now, I hadn't made up my mind what to eat, now I've made up my mind.
我刚没想好吃什么，现在我想好了。(刚 doesn't work with 没.)I just didn't make up my mind what to eat, now I've made up my mind.
他刚才没听懂我的话。(No need to use 了 with 没.)He didn't understand what I said just now.
他刚没听懂我的话。(刚 doesn't work with 没.)He just didn't understand what I said.
我也是刚听说这个消息。(The verb 听说 includes a clear enough indication of result.)I also just heard this news.
我刚才听说了这个消息。(You should use 了 with 刚才 here.)I heard this news just now.
昨天他刚才来过。(刚才 should be used for events a lot closer in time than 昨天.)He just now came yesterday.
昨天他刚来过。(刚 works with 昨天.)He just came yesterday.

Example dialog

A: 你刚才去哪儿了？Where did you go just now?
B: 我刚上完厕所。I just got done in the bathroom.
A: 那你不知道刚才的事情吧？Then you don't know what happened just now?
B: 是不是有人吵架了？Did some people have an argument?

Източник: http://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22gang%22_and_%22gangcai%22

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:02, 6 June 2021
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	Примери:		Примери:

	他刚来。(This gives the impression that not only did he just get here, but he should still be here.)He just came.		他刚来。(This gives the impression that not only did he just get here, but he should still be here.)He just came.
	我昨天刚看到他。I just saw him yesterday.		我昨天刚看到他。I just saw him yesterday.
	我刚说过，不想再说一遍。I just said it, and I don't want to say it again.		我刚说过，不想再说一遍。I just said it, and I don't want to say it again.
	我们去年刚去过美国。 (This "just" is relative, clearly. The speaker feels that a year ago isn't too long ago.)We've just been to the States last year.		我们去年刚去过美国。 (This "just" is relative, clearly. The speaker feels that a year ago isn't too long ago.)We've just been to the States last year.

	刚才 emphasizes "just now"		刚才 emphasizes "just now"
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	Examples		Examples

	他刚才来了。(In this case, he's come and gone already. He's not here anymore.)He came just now.		他刚才来了。(In this case, he's come and gone already. He's not here anymore.)He came just now.
	我刚才看到他了。(Sounds like he's not here anymore; I just saw him, but don't see him now.)I just now saw him.		我刚才看到他了。(Sounds like he's not here anymore; I just saw him, but don't see him now.)I just now saw him.
	我刚才看过了，不想再看一遍。I saw it just now, and I don't want to see it again.		我刚才看过了，不想再看一遍。I saw it just now, and I don't want to see it again.
	我觉得现在比刚才亮。(Here it's very clearly acting as a time noun.)I think it's brighter now that just before.		我觉得现在比刚才亮。(Here it's very clearly acting as a time noun.)I think it's brighter now that just before.

	刚才 can be used as an attribute while 刚 cannot		刚才 can be used as an attribute while 刚 cannot
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	刚才 + 的 + Noun		刚才 + 的 + Noun
	~~Examples~~

	刚才的事情太让人生气了。What just happened really made people angry.		刚才的事情太让人生气了。What just happened really made people angry.
	刚的事情太让人生气了。Just thing really makes people angry.		刚的事情太让人生气了。Just thing really makes people angry.

	刚 Can Be Used with Adjectives		刚 Can Be Used with Adjectives
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	刚 + Adjective		刚 + Adjective
	~~Examples~~

	天刚晴。The sky just became clear.		天刚晴。The sky just became clear.
	一个面包刚够吃，多一个更好。One piece of bread is just enough, one more is even better.		一个面包刚够吃，多一个更好。One piece of bread is just enough, one more is even better.

	刚 and 刚才 with 了		刚 and 刚才 with 了
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	Take these sentences for example:		Take these sentences for example:

	我昨天买了。I bought it yesterday.		我昨天买了。
	我刚才买了。I bought it just now.		I bought it yesterday.
	我明天买。I'll buy it tomorrow.
			我刚才买了。
			I bought it just now.

			我明天买。
			I'll buy it tomorrow.

	So these are all simple time "noun + verb" sentences. Notice that when they refer to the past (including the one with 刚才), the action is completed and you need 了. You don't need 了 for things that haven't happened yet (they're just plans, and nothing is completed). And remember that 刚才 always refers to the past.		So these are all simple time "noun + verb" sentences. Notice that when they refer to the past (including the one with 刚才), the action is completed and you need 了. You don't need 了 for things that haven't happened yet (they're just plans, and nothing is completed). And remember that 刚才 always refers to the past.
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	The key is that you don't need a 了 in a sentence with 刚 if the verb indicates a clear result. So, to use the 买 example from above:		The key is that you don't need a 了 in a sentence with 刚 if the verb indicates a clear result. So, to use the 买 example from above:

	我刚买。(The verb 买 is kind of like "try to buy"; there is no clear indication of result.)I just buy it.		我刚买。(The verb 买 is kind of like "try to buy"; there is no clear indication of result.)I just buy it.
	我刚买到。(Adding 到 to the verb gives a clear indication of result.)I just bought it.		我刚买到。(Adding 到 to the verb gives a clear indication of result.)I just bought it.
	我刚买了。(Adding 了 after the verb also gives a clear indication of result.)I just bought it.		我刚买了。(Adding 了 after the verb also gives a clear indication of result.)I just bought it.
	你也刚知道吗？ (The verb 知道 always includes the result of "knowing".)You also just found out?		你也刚知道吗？ (The verb 知道 always includes the result of "knowing".)You also just found out?
	妈妈刚看。(No clear indication of result.)Mom just look.		妈妈刚看。(No clear indication of result.)Mom just look.
	妈妈刚看到。(Adding 到 to the verb gives a clear indication of result.)Mom just saw it.		妈妈刚看到。(Adding 到 to the verb gives a clear indication of result.)Mom just saw it.
	妈妈刚看了。(Adding 了 to the verb gives a clear indication of result.)Mom just looked at it.		妈妈刚看了。(Adding 了 to the verb gives a clear indication of result.)Mom just looked at it.

	刚 and 刚才 with 没		刚 and 刚才 with 没
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	The takeaway? Just don't use 刚 in sentences where you use 没 to negate the past.		The takeaway? Just don't use 刚 in sentences where you use 没 to negate the past.

	我刚没去。(Don't use 刚 with 没 in the past.)I just didn't go.		我刚没去。(Don't use 刚 with 没 in the past.)I just didn't go.
	我刚才没去。(It's fine to use 刚才 with 没 in the past.)I didn't go just now.		我刚才没去。(It's fine to use 刚才 with 没 in the past.)I didn't go just now.
	她刚没问我这个问题。(Don't use 刚 with 没 in the past.)She just didn't ask me this question.		她刚没问我这个问题。(Don't use 刚 with 没 in the past.)She just didn't ask me this question.
	她刚才没问我这个问题。(It's fine to use 刚才 with 没 in the past.)She didn't ask me this question just now.		她刚才没问我这个问题。(It's fine to use 刚才 with 没 in the past.)She didn't ask me this question just now.
	我刚没喝你的啤酒。(Don't use 刚 with 没 in the past.)I just didn't drink your beer.		我刚没喝你的啤酒。(Don't use 刚 with 没 in the past.)I just didn't drink your beer.
	我刚才没喝你的啤酒。(It's fine to use 刚才 with 没 in the past.)I didn't drink your beer just now.		我刚才没喝你的啤酒。(It's fine to use 刚才 with 没 in the past.)I didn't drink your beer just now.
	我刚不知道。(OK, so it's not 没, but you still shouldn't use 刚 for something that didn't happen.)I just didn't know.		我刚不知道。(OK, so it's not 没, but you still shouldn't use 刚 for something that didn't happen.)I just didn't know.
	我刚才不知道。(It's fine to use 刚才 with exceptions where you use 不 in the past.)Just now I didn't know.		我刚才不知道。(It's fine to use 刚才 with exceptions where you use 不 in the past.)Just now I didn't know.

	For that last pair of sentences, if you're not clear why it's OK to use 不 with 知道 in the past, go ahead and check out our article on the differences between 不 and 没. It goes beyond the basics into some of the trickier scenarios.		For that last pair of sentences, if you're not clear why it's OK to use 不 with 知道 in the past, go ahead and check out our article on the differences between 不 and 没. It goes beyond the basics into some of the trickier scenarios.
	Examples of right and wrong sentences		Examples of right and wrong sentences

	我刚才回家。(You should use 了 with 刚才 here.)I just now go home.		我刚才回家。(You should use 了 with 刚才 here.)I just now go home.
	我刚回家。(The verb 回 includes a clear enough indication of result.)I just got home.		我刚回家。(The verb 回 includes a clear enough indication of result.)I just got home.
	我刚才没想好吃什么，现在我想好了。(No need to use 了 with 没.)Just now, I hadn't made up my mind what to eat, now I've made up my mind.		我刚才没想好吃什么，现在我想好了。(No need to use 了 with 没.)Just now, I hadn't made up my mind what to eat, now I've made up my mind.
	我刚没想好吃什么，现在我想好了。(刚 doesn't work with 没.)I just didn't make up my mind what to eat, now I've made up my mind.		我刚没想好吃什么，现在我想好了。(刚 doesn't work with 没.)I just didn't make up my mind what to eat, now I've made up my mind.
	他刚才没听懂我的话。(No need to use 了 with 没.)He didn't understand what I said just now.		他刚才没听懂我的话。(No need to use 了 with 没.)He didn't understand what I said just now.
	他刚没听懂我的话。(刚 doesn't work with 没.)He just didn't understand what I said.		他刚没听懂我的话。(刚 doesn't work with 没.)He just didn't understand what I said.
	我也是刚听说这个消息。(The verb 听说 includes a clear enough indication of result.)I also just heard this news.		我也是刚听说这个消息。(The verb 听说 includes a clear enough indication of result.)I also just heard this news.
	我刚才听说了这个消息。(You should use 了 with 刚才 here.)I heard this news just now.		我刚才听说了这个消息。(You should use 了 with 刚才 here.)I heard this news just now.
	昨天他刚才来过。(刚才 should be used for events a lot closer in time than 昨天.)He just now came yesterday.		昨天他刚才来过。(刚才 should be used for events a lot closer in time than 昨天.)He just now came yesterday. 昨天他刚来过。(刚 works with 昨天.)He just came yesterday.
	昨天他刚来过。(刚 works with 昨天.)He just came yesterday.

	~~Example dialog~~		Примерен диалог:

	A: 你刚才去哪儿了？Where did you go just now?		A: 你刚才去哪儿了？Where did you go just now?
	B: 我刚上完厕所。I just got done in the bathroom.		B: 我刚上完厕所。I just got done in the bathroom.
	A: 那你不知道刚才的事情吧？Then you don't know what happened just now?		A: 那你不知道刚才的事情吧？Then you don't know what happened just now?
	B: 是不是有人吵架了？Did some people have an argument?		B: 是不是有人吵架了？Did some people have an argument?

	Източник: http://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22gang%22_and_%22gangcai%22		Източник: http://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22gang%22_and_%22gangcai%22